作用處
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Agonist
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Antagonist
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神經節
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節後n.的NR
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Varenicline(nicotinic partial agonist，用於戒菸)
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Trimethaphan(hypertensive crisis), Mecamylamine, Hexamethonium(高血壓)
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間接的交感
|
節後n.的NT分泌
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Ephedrine(是混合型(直接+間接)的交感作用劑，用於鼻塞) Tyramine, Amphetamine(過動兒、減肥)
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Reserpine, Guanethidine(高血壓), Bretylium(心律不整)
|
抑制NE回收
|
Amitriptyline
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直接的交感
|
細胞的 α+β AR
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Epinephrine(過敏性休克), NE, Dopamine(心因性休克)
|
Carvedilol, Labetalol(心衰竭)
|
細胞的α AR
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Phentolamine(診斷pheochromocytoma), Phenoxybenzamine(治療pheochromocytoma)
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細胞的α1 AR
|
Phenylephrine(散瞳、鼻塞), Midodrine(姿態性低血壓)
|
Tamsulosin(攝護腺腫大導致的排尿困難), Prazosin(攝護腺腫大、治療Raynaud's disease之血管舒張劑)
| |
細胞的α2 AR
|
Clonidine(腎臟差的高血壓), Methyldopa(孕婦高血壓)
|
Mirtazapine(憂鬱症), Yohimbine
| |
細胞的β AR
|
Isoproterenol
|
Propanolol(降血壓、青光眼、甲狀腺亢進、偏頭痛、解憂慮藥物), Timolol(降低眼房液的分泌，用於青光眼), Nadolol, Pindolol
| |
細胞的β1 AR
|
Dobutamine(急性心衰竭、心因性休克)
|
Atenolol(降血壓), Metoprolol, Esmolol(上心室心搏過速、手術中及手術後心搏過速、高血壓)
| |
細胞的β2 AR
|
Albuterol(短效型支氣管擴張劑), Salmeterol(長效型支氣管擴張劑), Metoproterenol, Ritodrine(安胎、預防早產)
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間接的副交感
|
節後n.的NT分泌
|
Hemicholinium
| |
抑制Ach分解
|
Neostigmine(腸麻痺、尿滯留), Physostigmine(青光眼) , Parathion(農藥), Tacrine(曾用於Alzheimer's disease)
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直接的副交感
|
細胞的MR
|
Bethanechol(腸麻痺、尿滯留), Pilocarpine(促進眼房液的外流，用於青光眼), Carbachol(青光眼), Methacholine(診斷氣喘), Cevimeline(Sjogren's syndrome)
|
Atropine(合併PAM(pralidoxime)可解有機磷酸鹽類中毒), Tropicamide(散瞳), Benztropine(巴金森), Scopolamine(暈車), Ipratropium(治氣喘), Pirenzapine(胃酸), Oxybutynin(尿失禁), Clidinium(腸躁症)
|
間接的肌肉收縮/鬆弛劑
|
減少神經興奮
|
Diazepam(GABAA), Baclofen(GABAA), Botulism(肌肉鬆弛劑)
| |
抑制Ach分解
|
Edrophnium(診斷MG), Neostigmine, Pyridostigmine(治療MG、解atropine過量中毒)
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直接的肌肉鬆弛劑
|
骨骼肌的NR
|
Succinylcholine
|
Tubocurarine, Pancuronium, Atracurium, Cisatracurium
|
Ach=acetylcholine；AR=adrenergic receptor；MR=muscarinic receptor；MG=myasthenia gravis；NR=nicotinic receptor；NT=neurotransmitter。
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